Conditions treated

Clear, honest education about your heart condition.

Understanding what is happening inside your chest is the first step toward controlling it. These guides are written for patients, not clinicians.

Coronary Artery Disease

Symptoms

  • Chest tightness on exertion
  • Breathlessness
  • Fatigue

Causes

  • Cholesterol plaque build-up
  • Smoking
  • Diabetes
  • Hypertension

Diagnosis

  • ECG
  • Stress testing
  • CT coronary angiography

Treatment

  • Risk-factor therapy
  • Antiplatelet and statin therapy
  • Stenting or bypass where indicated

Prevention & lifestyle

  • Blood pressure and lipid control
  • Regular aerobic exercise
  • Smoking cessation

High Blood Pressure

Symptoms

  • Usually silent
  • Headache
  • Visual disturbance

Causes

  • Genetics
  • Salt intake
  • Obesity
  • Kidney disease

Diagnosis

  • Clinic readings
  • 24-hour ambulatory monitoring
  • Home diary

Treatment

  • Lifestyle modification
  • Single-pill combination therapy

Prevention & lifestyle

  • Reduce sodium
  • Maintain healthy weight
  • Limit alcohol

Heart Rhythm Disorders

Symptoms

  • Palpitations
  • Dizziness
  • Fainting

Causes

  • Atrial fibrillation
  • Thyroid disease
  • Electrolyte imbalance

Diagnosis

  • ECG
  • Holter monitor
  • Event recorder

Treatment

  • Rate or rhythm control
  • Anticoagulation
  • Ablation referral

Prevention & lifestyle

  • Limit stimulants
  • Treat sleep apnoea
  • Control blood pressure

Heart Valve Disease

Symptoms

  • Murmur
  • Breathlessness
  • Reduced exercise capacity

Causes

  • Degenerative change
  • Rheumatic disease
  • Congenital valve variants

Diagnosis

  • Echocardiography
  • Exercise testing

Treatment

  • Surveillance imaging
  • Medical therapy
  • Timely surgical or TAVI referral

Prevention & lifestyle

  • Dental hygiene
  • Treat streptococcal infection promptly

Heart Failure

Symptoms

  • Breathlessness lying flat
  • Leg swelling
  • Rapid weight gain

Causes

  • Previous heart attack
  • Hypertension
  • Cardiomyopathy

Diagnosis

  • Echocardiography
  • NT-proBNP
  • Cardiac MRI

Treatment

  • Four-pillar guideline therapy
  • Device therapy if indicated

Prevention & lifestyle

  • Early hypertension control
  • Daily weight monitoring

High Cholesterol

Symptoms

  • Silent
  • Tendon xanthomas in familial cases

Causes

  • Genetics
  • Diet
  • Metabolic syndrome

Diagnosis

  • Lipid panel
  • ApoB
  • Lp(a)

Treatment

  • Statins
  • Ezetimibe
  • PCSK9 inhibitors

Prevention & lifestyle

  • Fibre-rich diet
  • Weight management
  • Exercise

Angina

Symptoms

  • Predictable chest pressure with exertion
  • Relief with rest

Causes

  • Coronary narrowing
  • Microvascular dysfunction

Diagnosis

  • Stress test
  • CT angiography

Treatment

  • Anti-anginal therapy
  • Revascularisation when appropriate

Prevention & lifestyle

  • Aggressive risk-factor control

Congenital Heart Conditions

Symptoms

  • Murmur
  • Breathlessness
  • Reduced growth in childhood

Causes

  • Developmental variation present from birth

Diagnosis

  • Echocardiography
  • Cardiac MRI

Treatment

  • Lifelong surveillance
  • Specialist centre coordination

Prevention & lifestyle

  • Not preventable — early detection is key

Cardiomyopathy

Symptoms

  • Breathlessness
  • Palpitations
  • Fainting

Causes

  • Genetic
  • Post-viral
  • Alcohol related

Diagnosis

  • Echocardiography
  • Cardiac MRI
  • Genetic testing

Treatment

  • Guideline medical therapy
  • Family screening
  • Device therapy

Prevention & lifestyle

  • Avoid excess alcohol
  • Screen first-degree relatives

Palpitations

Symptoms

  • Awareness of heartbeat
  • Skipped beats
  • Racing pulse

Causes

  • Anxiety
  • Caffeine
  • Arrhythmia
  • Anaemia

Diagnosis

  • ECG
  • Holter monitoring
  • Blood tests

Treatment

  • Reassurance where benign
  • Targeted therapy for arrhythmia

Prevention & lifestyle

  • Reduce stimulants
  • Manage stress
  • Adequate sleep

This information is educational and does not replace a personal consultation. If you recognise your symptoms here, arrange an assessment.

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